The long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be profound for both men and women, but there are notable differences in how these effects manifest across genders.
Psychologically, both men and women who have experienced CSA are at risk for depression and anxiety, though women are often found to have higher rates of these conditions.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is also common among survivors, with women more likely to display symptoms of re-experiencing and avoidance, while men might show more hyperarousal and aggression.
Behaviorally, men who have experienced CSA are more prone to substance abuse as a coping mechanism, although women also show increased substance abuse to a slightly lesser degree.
Both genders may engage in risky sexual behaviors, but in different ways: women might experience sexual dysfunction, which may be any problem that prevents an individual from experiencing satisfaction during sexual activity, encompassing issues with desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain. Men might display compulsive sexual behaviors.
In terms of social effects, women may face greater difficulties with trust and intimacy in relationships, whereas men might struggle with emotional expression and display more aggressive tendencies.
Additionally, women are more likely to seek and receive social support, while men might be less likely to disclose their experiences and seek help.
Both men and women are at risk for chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic pain, which can be made worse by stress and poor coping mechanisms.
Gender-specific effects include societal stigma around victimhood and masculinity for men, which leads to underreporting sexual abuse and internalized shame, as well as behaviors like aggression or criminal activity. Women, on the other hand, may experience higher levels of self-blame and shame, greater risk for revictimization, and issues related to body image and eating disorders.
While these trends highlight common differences, it’s important to note that any of these effects can be experienced by both genders. Effective treatment and support strategies must be sensitive to these gender-specific differences to address the unique needs of each survivor.
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